Sustainable Aviation Fuel
Scalability & Impact
As a drop in fuel, SAF meeting the required ASTM D7566* standard, has massive potential to reduce CO₂ emissions by supplementing fossil JET-A/A1 kerosene.
SAF helps reduce total emissions in the context of growing global air transport demand, connecting people, economies, cultures & trade.
Certified Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) derived SAF is chemically identical to fossil JET-A/A1 (ASTM D1655)* & can be safely blended at up to 50% without altering engine, fuel hardware or TOW* maintenance.
*Annex A5, *ASTM International
*Time on Wing
ATJ + ETJ Feedstock
ATJ & ETJ (Ethanol to Jet) production is highly adaptable to different non-food-grade feedstocks, commonly including;
- C4 Feedstock*: Grain Corn, Grain Sorghum & Millet, Sugarcane
- C3 Feedstock*: Wheat, Rye, Triticale, Barley, Sugarbeet
C4 feedstock offers a higher resilience to heat, enabling greater biomass accumulation at higher air temperatures. (30°C or greater) C3 Feedstock is more easily adapted to maritime / colder regions where it supports higher yield at lower temperatures.
*Suitability assumes optional use of stover residue due to high residence time / depletion of soil organic matter & potential loss of soil nutrients.
Asset Utilisation
Feedstock procurement should be targeted towards the highest possible harvest index (HI) for a given region.
Measurement of bulk density (Kg/L, Kg/HL / Test Weight) is critical to segment feedstock intake, reduce variation & improve volumetric efficiency.
A high harvest index (HI) combined with a high bulk density (Kg/HL) reduces the total harvested area required, simultaneously reducing total transport costs.
To ensure the lowest possible SCOPE 3* profile – feedstocks should be grown locally to Ethanol/ATJ conversion facilities to avoid outsourcing the emissions lifecycle.
*Science Based Targets Initiative